• James I. Porter (ed.), Constructions of the Classical Body: University of Michigan Press (1999) [Introduction; Smashing Bodies: The Corinthian Tydeus and Ismene Amphora (Louvre E640); Reflections on Erotic Desire in Archaic and Classical Greece; Dirt and Desire: The Phenomenology of Female Pollution in Antiquity; Pindar and the Prostitutes, or Reading Ancient “Pornography”; From a Grin to a Death: The Body in the Greek Discovery of Politics; Sexual Bodybuilding: Aeschines against Timarchus; Odor and Power in the Roman Empire; Cicero’s Head; The Roman Blush: The Delicate Matter of Self-Control; Anti-Pygmalion: The Praeceptor in Ars Amatoria, Book 3; The Suffering Body: Philosophy and Pain in Seneca’s Letters; Chronic Pain and the Creation of Narrative; Truth Contests and Talking Corpses; Sweet Honey in the Rock: Pleasure, Embodiment, and Metaphor in Late-Antique Platonism; Ovid’s Body; Herculean Muscle!: The Classicizing Rhetoric of Bodybuilding] / bmcr
  • Adams, J.N., The Latin Sexual Vocabulary, Baltimore (1982)
  • Adams, J.N., “Word for Prostitute in Latin,” RhM 126 (1983) 321-358
  • W. S. Anderson, “Love Plots in Menander and His Roman Adapters,” Ramus 13 (1984) 124-34
  • R.S. Bagnall, “The Prostitute tax in Roman Egypt,” Bull. Am.Soc.Papyr 28 (1991) 5-12
  • J.P.V.D Balsdon, Roman Women (1962) 224-234
  • Mary Beard and John Henderson, “With this Body I Thee Worship: Sacred Prostitution in Antiquity,” Gender and History 9.3 (1997) 480-503
  • Boswell, John, Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century, Chicago (1980)
  • P. Brown, “Plots and Prostitutes in Greek New Comedy,” Pap. of Leeds Int’l Seminar 6 (1990) 241-66
  • P. Brown, “Love and Marriage in Greek New Comedy,” Classical Quarterly 43 (1993) 184-205 / full text
  • Christer Bruun, “Water for Roman Brothels: Cicero Cael. 34,” Phoenix 51 no. 3-4 (1998) [This paper discusses the passage in Cic. Cael. 34 where Cicero talks about ‘immoral use of water’ in connection with Clodia. With reference to a speech complaining that Roman brothels were using water, given by Caelius Rufus in 50 B.C., it is suggested that Cicero is here, as elsewhere in the Pro Caelio, implying that Clodia is a prostitute. ]
  • John DeFelice, “Roman Hospitality: The Professional Women of Pompeii,” Marco Polo Monographs 6, Warren Center, PA: Shangri-La Publications (2001) [ISBN 0-9677201-7-6] / bmcr
  • Edwards, Catharine, “Unspeakable Professions: Public Performance and Prostitution in Ancient Rome,” in Roman Sexualities edited by Hallett, Judith P. and Skinner, Marilyn B., Princeton: Princeton University Press (1997) 66-95 / bmcr
  • E. Fantham, “Sex, Status, and Survival in Hellenistic Athens: A Study of Women in New Comedy,” Phoenix 29 (1975) 44-74
  • Rebecca Flemming, “Quae corpore quaestum facit: The Sexual Economy of Female Prostitution in the Roman Empire,” Journal of Roman Studies 89 (1999) 38-61 / full text
  • J. Massyngberd Ford, “Prostitution in the Ancient Mediterranean World: BTB Reader’s Guide,” Biblical Theology Bulletin 23 (1993) 128-134
  • R. Friedl, “Der Konkubinat im kaiserzeitlichen Rom : von Augustus bis Septimus Severus,” Historia Einzelschriften 98, Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verl. (1996)
  • Jane Gardner, Women in Roman Law and Society (1986)
  • D. M. Halperin, “The Democratic Body,” in One Hundred Years Of Homosexuality: and Other Essays on Greek Love, New York and London: Routledge (1990) / bmcr
  • Debra Hamel, Trying Neaira: The True Story of a Courtesan’s Scandalous Life in Ancient Greece , New Haven: Yale University Press (2003) [ISBN: 0300094310] / web link  / bmcr
  • L.F. Henriques, Prostitution and Society 1 (1962)
  • Herter, Hans, “Soziologie der antiken Prostitution im Lichte der heidnischen und christlichen Schriftum,” Jahrbuch für Antike und Christentum 3 (1960) 70-111
  • J. Samuel Houser, “Eros and Aphrodisia in the Works of Dio Chrysostom ,” Classical Antiquity 29 (1998) / web link
  • E. Keuls, Reign of the Phallus: Sexual Politics in Ancient Athens, Berkeley (1993) / bmcr
  • E. C. Keuls, “The Hetaera and the Housewife: the Splitting of the Female Psyche in Greek Art,” Mededelingen van het Nederlands Instituut te Rome 44/45 (1983) 23-40
  • Otto Kiefer, Sexual Life in Ancient Rome (1934/2001) [The psychological basis of the Roman Empire was a ruthless, frequently sadistic “will to power.” This impulse is highly manifest in Ancient Roman attitudes towards sex. After describing women’s position in Roman society, Otto Kiefer skilfully surveys the crypto-sexual satisfaction derived by Romans from a range of activities: The sadistic treatment of slaves, savage public executions involving crucifixion and the mauling of naked, unarmed prisoners by wild beasts, and almost incredible mass-gladiatorial combats. The strong sexual element in Roman religion receives attention, as do the varying attitudes towards sex of Rome’s major writers. A gallery of Emperors and Empresses complete with their often bizarre tastes, is included and Otto Kiefer takes a critical look at the notion that Rome’s sexual excesses contributed to its decline and fall. ]
  • Konstan, David, “Between Courtesan and Wife: Menander’s Perikeiromene,” Phoenix 41 (1987) 122ff.
  • W.A. Krenkel, “Prostitution,” in Civilization of the Ancient Mediterranean 2 (1988) 1291-1297
  • Krenkel, Werner, “Männliche Prostitution in der Antike,” Das Altertum 24 (1978) 49-55
  • L. Kurke, “Pindar and the Prostitutes, or Reading Ancient ‘Pornography’,” Arion 4.2 (1996) 49-75
  • L. Kurke, “Inventing the Hetaira: Sex, Politics, and Discursive Conflict in Archaic Greece,” Classical Antiquity 16.1 (1997) 106-150 / pdf
  • S. Leontsini, Die Postitution im früher Byzant, Vienna Dissertation (1989)
  • G. Lerner, “The Origin of Prostitution in ancient Mesopotamia,” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 11 (1986) 236-254
  • H. Licht, Sexual Life in Ancient Greece (1949/2001) [“Professor Hans Licht, in this erudite and fascinating book, discusses in full every aspect of the Ancient GreeksB4 sexual life. Through literary, historical and artistic evidence, he presents an accurate, detailed picture of the position of women in Greek life, the erotic element in Greek religion and literature, the institutions of prostitution and make homosexuality and the more arcane sexual deviations indulged in by the Greeks. Particularly intriguing is his discussion of the Hetairae, female prostitutes who offered intellectual as well as sensual stimulation to their clients.”]
  • J. Linderski, “Fatalis: A Missing Meretrix,” RhM 140.2 (1997) 162-167
  • Martin, Thomas R., Ancient Greece From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times, New Haven: Yale University Press (1996) / web link  / bmcr
  • T.J. McGinn, “The Taxation of Roman Prostitutes,” Helios 16 (1989) 79-110
  • Thomas A.J. McGinn, The Economy of Prostitution in the Roman World: A Study of Social History and the Brothel, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press (2004) [ISBN 0-472-11362-3] / bmcr
  • McGinn, Thomas A.J., Prostitution, Sexuality, and the Law in Ancient Rome, Oxford: Oxford University Press (1998) [Introduction: Law in Society; Civic Disabilities: The Status of Prostitutes and Pimps as Roman Citizens; The Lex Iulia et Papia; Emperors, Jurists, and the Lex Iulia et Papia; The Lex Iulia de Adulteriis Coercendis; Emperors, Jurists, and the Lex Iulia de Adulteriis Coercendis; The Taxation of Roman Prostitutes; Ne Serva Prostituatur: Restrictive Covenants in the Sale of Slaves; Prostitution and the Law of the Jurists; Conclusion: Diversity and Unity in Roman Legal Perspectives on Prostitution; Bibliography; Index of Sources; Index of Persons; Index of Subjects] / bmcr  / web link
  • James F. McGlew, “Politics on the Margins: Athenian Hetaireiai in 415 B.C.,” Historia 48 no. 1 (1999) 1-22
  • Jess Miner, “Courtesan, Concubine, Whore: Apollodorus’ Deliberate Use of Terms for Prostitutes,” American Journal of Philology 124.1 (2003) [This article examines Apollodorus’ use of the terms hetaira, pallake, and porne in the speech Against Neaira. It argues that he employs these terms with consistency and with attention to differences among them rather than haphazardly or interchangeably as was previously believed. Apollodorus’ distinctions among types of prostitutes are further clarified through comparisons with his use of the terms in other speeches. Finally, there is a reexamination of the famous statement on the existence of three types of women in society. By resituating this claim in its oratorical context, I show that it is not an all-inclusive remark on women’s roles but rather a statement quite specific to Apollodorus’ attack on Neaira.]
  • K. Sara Myers, “The Poet and the Procuress: The Lena in Latin Love Elegy,” The Journal of Roman Studies 86 (1996) 1-21 / full text
  • Daniel Ogden, Polygamy, Prostitutes and Death: The Hellenistic Dynasties, London: Duckworth, with The Classical Press of Wales (1999) / bmcr
  • S. Pomeroy, Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves, New York (1975) / web link
  • R. F. Sutton, Jr., “Pornography and Persuasion on Attic Pottery,” in Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome edited by Amy Richlin, Oxford: Oxford UP (1991) 3-35 / bmcr
  • Rawson, Beryl, “Roman Concubinage and Other De Facto Marriages,” Transactions of the American Philological Association 104 (1974) 279-305 / full text
  • A. Richlin, “Not before homosexuality: the materiality of the cinaedus and the Roman law against love between men,” Journal of the History of Sexuality 5 (1993) 41-54
  • Rudd, Niall, Themes in Roman Satire, London (1986)
  • Bettina Stumpp, Prostitution in der roemischen Antike, Berlin: Akademie Verlag (1998)
  • Sullivan, J.P., “Martial’s Sexual Attitudes,” Philologus 123 (1979) 288-302
  • Susan Walker and Peter Higgs, Cleopatra of Egypt: From History to Myth, Princeton: Princeton University Press (2001) [Contributors: Carla Alfano, Sally-Ann Ashton, Mary Hamer, Peter Higgs, Andrew Meadows, Christopher Pelling, John Ray, Susan Walker, Guy Weill Goudchaux, J.H.C. Williams] / bmcr
  • D. Wiles, “Marriage and Prostitution in Classical New Comedy,” Themes in Drama 11 (1989) 31-48